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教学全国@⊙所名校单元测试示范卷札记【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了一种人造咖啡，虽然它还在试验阶段，但有着巨大的潜力。28.B根据第2段第1句可知，气侯变化持续威胁传统的咖啡种植，而实验室种植的咖啡作为补充可以起到确保咖啡生产的作用。29.B根据第4段最后一句可知，实验室种植的咖啡减少了杀虫剂和化肥的使用量，同时也缩短了咖啡豆到市场的运输距离，因此实验室种植的咖啡对环境非常有益。30.D根据最后一段最后一句可知，Satu对实验室种植的咖啡的前景持肯定态度。31.A本文主要介绍了一种在实验室里研制出来的咖啡。DOn the island of St.Helena in the South Atlantic,there lives a creature that Guinness WorldRecords has called the "world's oldest animal on land".His name is Jonathan,and he's a gianttortoise.According to Guinness World Records,Jonathan was 188 years old in 2020.Jonathan and other giant tortoises aren't the only turtles that live a long time.Sea turtles canlive 50 to 100 years,and box turtles can live more than a century.In fact,scientists don't knowthe upper limit on many turtle species'life spans,simply because individual humans don't live longenough themselves to find out.So why do turtles live so long?There are an evolutionary (answer and a biologicalanswer,said Lori Neuman-Lee,an assistant professor of physiology who studies turtles and otherreptiles.The evolutionary answer is relatively straightforward:Animals like snakes love to eatturtle eggs.To pass on their genes,turtles have to live a long time and breed frequently,some-times multiple times per yearand lay a lot of eggs.But the biological mechanism behind turtles'longevity is more complicated.One clue toturtles'longevity lies in their chromosomal telomeres(染色体端粒)，structures that cap the endsof chromosomes.These structures help protect the chromosomes as cells divide.Over time,telo-meres get shorter or degrade,which means they can no longer protect their chromosomes as well,leading to issues with DNA replication ()And errors in DNA replication can lead to issuessuch as cancers and cell death.But turtles show a lower rate of telomere shortening compared withshorter-lived animals.This means they're more resistant to certain kinds of damage.Scientists haven't confirmed the factors that contribute to turtles'long lives,but they havesuggested some ideas.According to a study,giant tortoises and a few other turtle species seem tobe able to protect themselves from the long-term effects of cell damage.They do this by quicklykilling off damaged cells.32.Why is it difficult for people to find out turtles'life limit?A.Turtles usually live far from humansB.There's no relative recording in history.C.People can't live long enough to know that.D.There's no technology accurate enough for that.33.What's the use of chromosomal telomeres?A.Protecting chromosomes.B.Speeding DNA replication.C.Helping cells divide quickly.D.Making chromosomes shorter.34.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Turtles will live a much longer life than before.B.It's easy to confirm why turtles can live so long.C.Killing damaged cells quickly makes turtles live long.D.Scientists have found ways to make people live longer.90【23新教材老高考·DY·英语-R-选择性必修第一册-N】