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Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant.Past or present,Eastern or Western,the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience.Many and different are the faces of art,and together they express thebasic need and hope of human beings.8.What does the underlined word "poetry"most probably mean?A.An unusual quality.B.A natural scene.C.A collection of poems.D.An object for artistic creation.9.What is the author's opinion of artistic reality?A.It will not be found in future works of art.B.It does not have a long-lasting standard.C.It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.D.It is lacking in modern works of art.10.What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?A.They express people's curiosity about the past.B.They make people interested in everyday experienceC.They are considered important for variety in form.D.They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.11.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?A.History of the arts.B.New developments in the arts.C.Basic questions of the arts.D.Use of modern technology in the arts.DFor most of our history,humans have been short,a study has found.Until around 150 years ago,few people grew tallerthan 170 centimeters.Christiane Scheffler at the University of Potsdam and Michael Hermanussen in Altenhof have spent several yearsstudying the height of people from a wide range of populations.In their latest paper,they combined an existing data of morethan 6000 prehistoric human skeletons with multiple studies of more recent historical populations from Europe and the US.They also included their own data on 1666 present-day school children from Indonesia.In the prehistoric populations,the maximum height for men was 165 to 170 centimeters,while women topped out at160cm.Today,men in England have an average height of around 175 cm,while for women it is about 162 cm.But there is significant variation between modern countries.The Indonesian school children in the study were shorterthan similarly aged children from the US,despite being well-nourished.Scheffler and Hermanussen argue that height can bea signal of dominance,so in societies where it's possible to move up through the social classes,evolution favors individualswho reach a greater height.Subramanian at Harvard University isn't convinced by the pair's interpretation.His team previously showed that thebest predictor of a child's height is the height of their parents.This suggests that the influence of other factors,such as socialmobility,is limited.After assessing nearly 163,000 children living in 55 low and middle-income countries,Subramanian's team found that42.9 percent had poor nutrition but no sign of stunting (or other physical indicators of this fact.This impliesthere is a lot of hidden malnutrition (that doesn't reveal itself through stunting.A person's nutritional conditionshould be assessed by looking at their diet not their height,says Subramanian.12.How did Scheffler and Hermanussen conduct the research?A.Studying the skeletons of prehistoric human.B.Connecting existing data with recent research.C.Assessing children living in various income areas.D.Analyzing the results of other scientists'research.13.What is Subramanian's attitude towards the explanation of Scheffler and Hermanussen?A.Worried.B.Cautious.C.Supportive.D.Doubtful14.What can we infer from Subramanian's study?A.Poor nutrition delays physical development.B.A balanced diet contributes to growing taller.C.A human's height has little to do with nutrition.D.High social classes can reach a greater height.3